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Appendix A, Understanding Standard and Advanced Pulldown
Overview
Part of your project’s workflow may involve the application of a pulldown
technique to convert your input video to your project’s video format. Pulldown
can also be applied to your output video to meet certain requirements. When a
pulldown is required in your project, Matrox RT.X2 performs either a standard
2:3 pulldown or an advanced 2:3:3:2 pulldown.
Standard 2:3 pulldown
Standard 2:3 pulldown is often used as part of the telecine process to transfer
24 fps film footage to 29.97 fps interlaced video. This pulldown method is also
used to convert any 23.98 fps progressive video to 29.97 fps interlaced video,
such as for converting 486p @ 23.98 fps video to NTSC.
In order to convert 24 fps film or 23.98 progressive video to 29.97 fps interlaced
video, additional video frames, and more specifically video fields, must be
created and added to the video sequence. For example, to convert a sequence of
four film or progressive frames, five frames of video are needed for a total of 10
video fields. Therefore, one additional video frame or two video fields must be
created. To accomplish this, the first and third frames of a four-frame film or
progressive video sequence are each converted to two video fields. The second
and fourth frames of the sequence are converted to three video fields to make up
a total of five interlaced video frames.
The following diagram demonstrates the process:
Standard 2:3 pulldown is accomplished by representing the first frame of film or
progressive video (frame A) as two fields of video (fields a1 and a2), the second
frame (frame B) as three fields of video (fields b1, b2, and b3), the third frame
(frame C) as two fields (fields c1 and c2), and the fourth frame (frame D) as three
fields (fields d1, d2, and d3). This sequence repeats six times each second.
A B C D
a1 a2 b1 b2 b3 d2d1c2c1 d3
Film frames @ 24 fps or progressive frames @ 23.98 fps
Video fields @ 29.97 fps
Frame A Frame C Frame DFrame B Frame E
- Matrox RT.X2 1
- Trademarks 2
- Contents 3
- Introducing Matrox RT.X2 9
- Welcome to Matrox RT.X2 10
- About this manual 11
- Other documentation 12
- Project panel, applying 14
- Adobe Premiere Pro 15
- Explorer 16
- VFW applications 17
- Panasonic P2 folder structure 18
- EZ-HDV AVI > Create 20
- Settings 23
- For Windows XP 25
- Loading project presets 26
- Setting up your scratch disks 27
- Events panel 27
- $ Matrox offline HD clips 28
- 2 Click the General tab 32
- Capture 41
- Project panel 42
- Recompress. This retains the 46
- Movie Start 53
- Setting Up Realtime Effects 57
- Available effects 58
- Premiere Pro 59
- Transforming your clip 60
- Figure 1: Offset at 0,0,0 61
- Figure 2: Offset at 100,0,0 61
- ). Precision Mode is 62
- Cropping your clip 63
- Using Select Crop 64
- Using Select Mask 66
- Using Split View 69
- Live Update 70
- 0 Default end point 71
- 1 Default end point 71
- Adjusting tonal range 73
- Using the color balance graph 74
- Reset Color 75
- Balance button 75
- Shadows 76
- Performing an auto balance 77
- °To perform a color match: 78
- Master 79
- Shadows color map 79
- 0 Input 80
- 1 Input 80
- 2 Output 80
- 3 Output 80
- Using the selective key graph 87
- 0 Hue 1 Aperture 2 Softness 88
- Auto Key affects values 90
- Creating a color pass effect 92
- Creating a 3D DVE effect 93
- • Top Left: Red 97
- • Top Right: Green 97
- • Bottom Left: Blue 97
- • Bottom Right: Orange 97
- Result of chroma key 99
- 3 Aperture 4 Luminance 103
- Creating a cube effect 106
- Creating a crystallize effect 109
- Click here to 110
- Creating a lens flare effect 116
- Underlying image 118
- Result of luma key 118
- Foreground image 118
- Creating a luma key effect 119
- Using the luma key graph 120
- HIGH GAIN 121
- LOW GAIN 121
- LOW CLIP 121
- HIGH CLIP 121
- Creating a mask effect 122
- Creating a mask blur effect 124
- Creating a mask mosaic effect 126
- controls in the Matrox 129
- Creating an old movie effect 130
- Creating a page curl effect 134
- Creating a ripple effect 138
- Creating a shadow effect 140
- Creating a shine effect 142
- Creating a sphere effect 146
- $ Front Face Control 148
- Creating a track matte effect 151
- Creating a twirl effect 153
- Creating a wipe transition 154
- Supported graphics formats 158
- Limitations 158
- Windows Programs 159
- Overview 160
- Before you start rendering 161
- Adobe After Effects 170
- Adobe Photoshop 170
- Autodesk 3ds Max 170
- Autodesk Combustion 170
- NewTek LightWave 3D 171
- Your notes 172
- This chapter explains how to 173
- Displaying system information 174
- Hardware 176
- Error notification 177
- Pulldown 179
- Standard 2:3 pulldown 180
- Advanced 2:3:3:2 pulldown 181
- Video fields @ 29.97 fps 182
- Matrox RT.X2 Workflows 183
- DV-1394 input/output, and 185
- P2 .mxf source files on disk 185
- Working with HD projects 186
- 1440×1080i/p workflow example 187
- 720p workflow example 188
- RT.X2 SD 190
- HD projects 194
- Matrox RT.X2 Customer Support 197
- Getting the most support 198
- Matrox RT.X2 Glossary 199
- Glossary of terms 200
- Numerics 213
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